Tag Archives: connectedness

Topology

Counterexamples around connected spaces

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A connected space is a topological space that cannot be represented as the union of two or more disjoint nonempty open subsets. We look here at unions and intersections of connected spaces.

Union of connected spaces

The union of two connected spaces \(A\) and \(B\) might not be connected “as shown” by two disconnected open disks on the plane.

union-connected-spaces-image
The union of two connected spaces might not be connected.

However if the intersection \(A \cap B\) is not empty then \(A \cup B\) is connected.

Intersection of connected spaces

The intersection of two connected spaces \(A\) and \(B\) might also not be connected. An example is provided in the plane \(\mathbb R^2\) by taking for \(A\) the circle centered at the origin with radius equal to \(1\) and for \(B\) the segment \(\{(x,0) \ : \ x \in [-1,1]\}\). The intersection \(A \cap B = \{(-1,0),(1,0)\}\) is the union of two points which is not connected.

Topology

A connected not locally connected space

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In this article, I will describe a subset of the plane that is a connected space while not locally connected nor path connected.

Let’s consider the plane \(\mathbb{R}^2\) and the two subspaces:
\[A = \bigcup_{n \ge 1} [(0,0),(1,\frac{1}{n})] \text{ and } B = A \cup (\frac{1}{2},1]\] Where a segment noted \(|a,b|\) stands for the plane segment \(|(a,0),(b,0)|\). Continue reading A connected not locally connected space →