algebraically-complemented-subspaces-not-topologically-complemented-image

Two algebraically complemented subspaces that are not topologically complemented

We give here an example of a two complemented subspaces A and B that are not topologically complemented.

For this, we consider a vector space of infinite dimension equipped with an inner product. We also suppose that E is separable. Hence, E has an orthonormal basis (en)nN.

Let an=e2n and bn=e2n+12n+1e2n+1. We denote A and B the closures of the linear subspaces generated by the vectors (an) and (bn) respectively. We consider F=A+B and prove that A and B are complemented subspaces in F, but not topologically complemented.

A and B are complemented subspaces in F

Let , be the inner product. For ij integers we have ai,aj=0 and bi,bj=0 as (en)nN is an orthonormal basis. Therefore all xA can be written +n=0x,e2ne2n and all xB can be written +n=0x,bnbnbn2.

If xAB, we have for all nN x,e2n+1=0 as xA. Hence x=+n=0x,e2nbnbn2 Making the inner product of x with e2n+1 we get x,e2n+1=x,e2ne2n+12(2n+1)bn2=0 Consequently, we have x,e2n for all nN and finally x=0 which proves that A and B are complemented subspaces in F.

A and B are not topologically complemented

Let (xn) be the sequence xn=bnan. We have xn=e2n+1n+1 and limnxn=0. If A and B were topologically complemented, the projection of F on the subspace A would be continuous. But the projection of xn is an as A and B are complemented subspaces. However an=1 for all nN as (en) is an orthonormal basis. A contradiction proving that A and B are not topologically complemented.

Leave a Reply